BACK ANALYSIS OF SIX-STOREY BUILDING’S PILE FOUNDATION BEARING CAPACITY FAILURE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31961/gradasi.v9i2.2349Keywords:
Back Analysis, Bearing Capacity Failure, Pile Foundation, Piled RaftAbstract
This study investigated the foundation bearing capacity failure of a six-storey building, which was unsuccessfully mitigated by cement injection. Back analysis was carried out using soil investigation data (borehole logs, SPT values, and laboratory tests), static load tests (SLT), and pile driving analyzer (PDA) measurements to reassess the design of the pile group and the proposed piled-raft system. The axial capacity of the piles was evaluated with four commonly used methods—API, Revised Lambda, USACE, and FHWA—because they represent prevailing international and Indonesian practice and form the analytical basis for SNI 8460:2017. The analysis results revealed that the existing pile group was unable to withstand the applied working loads, and that the proposed piled raft did not satisfy the required design criteria. The back analysis further showed that, in very loose surface soils, the proportion of load carried by the raft should be limited to approximately 20% to avoid overstressing the soil and triggering additional settlement. This study contributes to a better understanding of the design and retrofit of piled-raft foundations in loose granular deposits by linking code-based capacity calculations with field load tests and by providing practical guidance for checking load sharing between piles and raft in soft ground conditions.
Downloads
References
Adel, R. and Shakir, R. (2022). Evaluation of Static Pile Load Test Results of Ultimate Bearing Capacity by Interpreting Methods. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. pp. 1-20. URL: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/961/1/012013
Burland J., Chapman, T., Skinner, H., & Brown, M. (2012). ICE manual of geothecnical engineering Volume 2 Geothecnical Design, Construction and Verification. London: ICE Publishing.
Darjanto, H. (2018), Laporan Kunjungan ke Lapangan Terkait, Gempa Palu. Kajian Gempa Palu Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional.
Darjanto, H. (2024). Inception Report: Review Design of PNTL Highrise Building. Dokumen Laporan Pekerjaan.
Febriansya, A., Iskandar, Suyono, A., Sholehah, N. A., & Handayani, N. (2022). Analisis Kebutuhan Kapasitas Piled Raft Studi Kasus Pegadaian Tower, Jakarta Pusat. RekaRencana: Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 08(03), pp. 165-175. URL: https://doi.org/10.26760/rekaracana
Hakam, A. (2020). ANALISIS PRAKTIS POTENSI LIKUIFAKSI. Padang: Andalas Press.
Kronologia Problema Report. (2021). Shanghai Construction Group CO., LTD.
Li, P., Xia, Y., Xie, X., Wang, J., Wang, C., Shi, M., Wang, B., & Wu, H. (2024). Study on Vertical Bearing Capacity of Pile Foundation with Distributed Geopolymer Post-Grouting on Pile Side. Materials MDPI, 17(398), pp. 1-21. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ ma17020398
Mali, S. & Singh, B. (2020). 3D Numerical Modeling of Large Piled-Raft Foundation on Clayey Soils for Different Loadings and Piled-Raft Configurations. Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, 42(1), pp. 1-17. URL: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2019-0026
Mandolini, A., Laora, R. D., & Mascarucci, Y. (2013). Rational Design of Piled Raft. SciVerse ScienceDirect, 57(2013), pp. 45-52. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.04.008
Mandolini, A., Russo, G., & Viggiani, C. (2005). Pile foundations: Experimental investigations, analysis and design. INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTHECHNICAL ENGINEERING, pp. 177-213. URL: https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-656-9-177
Mudher, Z.M. & Ibtehaj, T. J. (2025). PILED RAFT FOUNDATION: STATE OF ART. Kufa Journal of Engineering. 16(4), pp. 645-657. URL: https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/KJE/160438
Ojha, D. & Srivastava, R. K. (2023). Numerical Analysis of Piled Raft Foundations in Alluvial soil. Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering. 03(002), pp. 1-11. URL: https://doi.org/10.54060/jmce.v3i2.25
Picardo, A., Millan, M. A., Galindo, R., & Alencar, A. (2023). Revisiting the analytical solutions for the ultimate bearing capacity of piles embedded in rocks. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 15 (6), pp. 1506-1519. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.11.012
Raut, J. M., Khandeshwar, S. R., Pande, P., & Bajad, S. (2023). Physical Modeling and Analysis of Cast–In–Situ Reinforced Cement Concrete Piled Raft in Clayey Soil. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, pp. 1-11. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-0507-0
Reese, L. C., Isenhower, W. M., & Wang, S. (2006). ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHALLOW AND DEEP FOUNDATIONS. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Seed, H. B. & Idriss, I. M. (1970). A SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING (Issue November).
SNI 1726: 2019. Tata cara perencanaan ketahanan gempa untuk struktur bangunan gedung dan non-gedung.
SNI 8460: 2017. Persayaratan Perancangan Geoteknik.
Structure Analysis Report. (2014). TECHSINDO Consultant.
Thompson, S. J. (2011). Geology and Soils in Timor Leste.
US Army Corps of Engineers. (1991). Design of Pile Foundations.
Yirsaw, G. M. & Ashango, A. A. (2023). Numerical Study on Optimization of Piled Raft Foundation on Stratified Soil under Static Load. Hindawi, pp. 1-11. URL: https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4732353
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Femy Sarah Masyithah, Helmy Darjanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in Jurnal Gradasi Teknik Sipil agree to the following terms:
- Publication rights for all journal manuscript materials published/published in this Jurnal Gradasi Teknik Sipil are held by the Editorial Board with the knowledge of the author (copyright remains with the author).
- The formal legal provisions for accessing digital articles in this electronic journal are subject to the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) license, which means that the Jurnal Gradasi Teknik Sipil has the right to store, transfer media/format, manage in the form of a database, maintain, and publish articles without asking permission from the Author as long as the Author's name is included as the Copyright owner.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .
- Printed and electronically issued/published manuscripts are open access for education, research and library purposes. Apart from these purposes, the editorial board is not responsible for violations of copyright laws
