PENENTUAN FAKTOR KEAMANAN PONDASI KELOMPOK TIANG PADA ABUTMENT JEMBATAN DI TANAH LEMPUNG KAKU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31961/gradasi.v9i2.14527Keywords:
lempung kaku, pondasi kelompok tiang, Standard Penetration Test, daya dukung, penurunan konsolidasi, faktor keamananAbstract
Tanah lempung kaku yang berkembang di wilayah Rantau Kiwa, Kabupaten Tapin, Kalimantan Selatan, menimbulkan tantangan geoteknik tersendiri dalam perencanaan pondasi jembatan, khususnya terkait kapasitas daya dukung dan potensi penurunan jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik tanah lempung kaku, menganalisis kapasitas daya dukung tiang tunggal dan kelompok, mengevaluasi penurunan konsolidasi, serta menentukan faktor keamanan pondasi kelompok tiang pada abutment jembatan. Metode penelitian meliputi penyelidikan tanah melalui Standard Penetration Test (SPT) dan pengambilan undisturbed sample (UDS), pengujian laboratorium untuk memperoleh parameter sifat indeks dan mekanis tanah, koreksi nilai N-SPT, serta analisis kapasitas daya dukung pondasi tiang menggunakan pendekatan empiris Meyerhof. Analisis pondasi kelompok tiang dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan efisiensi kelompok menggunakan metode Converse–Labarre, sedangkan penurunan dihitung berdasarkan teori konsolidasi satu dimensi Terzaghi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanah pada lokasi penelitian tergolong lempung berplastisitas rendah dengan konsistensi kaku dan termasuk kategori normally consolidated clay (NC). Kapasitas daya dukung ultimit pondasi kelompok tiang konfigurasi 3 × 5 dengan diameter tiang 40 cm diperoleh sebesar ±201 ton, lebih besar dari beban rencana abutment sebesar 147 ton. Analisis penurunan konsolidasi menunjukkan bahwa penurunan total masih berada di bawah batas penurunan ijin. Faktor keamanan pondasi kelompok tiang terhadap keruntuhan blok diperoleh sebesar SF = 5,54, yang menunjukkan kondisi pondasi aman dan konservatif. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi teknis dalam perencanaan dan evaluasi pondasi kelompok tiang pada tanah lempung kaku, khususnya untuk struktur jembatan di wilayah dengan kondisi geoteknik serupa
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